The Horse Shoe Block in Singapore, Singapore

Informally known as Horse Shoe Block, Block 78 is one of Singapore's first public housing blocks with a built-in air-raid shelter. Although no bombs dropped, the shelter was essential during the Japanese occupation. Block 78 is situated between Moh Guan Terrace and Guan Chuan Street, and is the largest complex in Tiong Bahru. Built between 1939 and 1940, it represents tactical decisions made by the Singaporean government during the Second World War.

With war looming, Singapore faced potential aerial attacks from the Japanese. While the government doubted the likelihood of a strike, they decided it was better to be safe than sorry. Although it would be a precaution against imminent danger, the Singapore government was reluctant to build these projects. The city landscape is primarily constructed on flat land, close to the water level.

The underground bunkers and shelters proved not only to be expensive but also difficult due to their geographical nature. To shift responsibility, the government encouraged citizens to build their own air raid shelters, offering limited support where possible. However, on 28th June 1939, the Singapore Improvement Trust announced a new housing scheme that included a basement floor in case of any emergencies.

Fortunately, spared from any bombing, the air raid shelter became a makeshift playground, as noted in a 1939 newspaper. Still standing today, Block 78 has evolved beyond its original function. Alongside its long-time residents, it also houses one of Singapore’s oldest surviving coffee shops, Hua Bee.